System of control for alternating-direct-current motors.



R. P. JACKSON.

SYSTEM OF CONTROL FOB ALTEBNATING DIRECT CURRENT MOTORS.-

APPLICATION FILED 11120.18 1905. 967,387.

Patented Aug. 16, 1910.

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WITNESSES: fimw- (Quad.

INVENTUR R. P. JACKSON. SYSTEM OF CONTROL FOR ALTBRNATING mnnc'r CURRENTMOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED 1330.18, 1905. 1 967,387. Patented Aug. 16, 1910.

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WITNESSES: INVENTOR THE NORRIS PETERS ca, WASHINGTON, n. c.

R. P. JACKSON. SYSTEM OF CONTROL FOR ALTERNATING DIRECT CURRENT MOTORS.APPLICATION FILED DEC. 18, 1905. 967,387, Patented Aug. 16, 1910.

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INVENTOR YZTORNEY 1H5 mmnls PETERS o1, WASHINKH'BN, n. ::v

R. P. JACKSON. SYSTEM OI CONTROL FOR ALTERNATING DIRECT- CURRENT MOTORS.

APPLICATION 211.111) 1030.18, 1905.

967,387. Patented Aug. 16,1910.

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- WITNESSES: Q 0 0 0 0. paw/m I n n 1;. P. JAOKSON. SYSTEM OF CONTROLFOR ALTERNATING DIRECT CURRENT MOTORS.

' APPLICATION FILED 1330.18, 1905. 967,387.

Patented Aug. 16, 1910.

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INVENTOR ORNEY rue .vowms PETERS 50., WASHINGTON. D. a;

R. P. JACKSON. SYSTEM OF CONTROL FOR ALTERNATING DIRECT CURRENT MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED 1120.18, 1905.

967,381 Patented Aug. 16,1910.

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WITNESSES: C at/06% QHOJJM INVENTOR aw WW AZORQEY n1: Mann: PETERS ca.,wAsxmcrou, n. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

RAY P. JACKSON, 01? WILKINSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO WESTINGHOUSEELECTRIC & MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

SYSTEM OF CONTROL FOR ALTERYATING-DIRECT-CURRENT MOTORS.

Application filed December 18, 1905.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RAY P. JACKSON, a citizen of the United States, anda resident of lVilkinsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State ofPennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Systems ofControl for Alternating-Direct-Current Motors, of which the following isa specification.

My invention relates to systems of control for electric motors andparticularly to systems of control for motors or other translatingdevices that are adapted to be operated by either alternating or directcurrent.

The object of my invention is to provide a system of control for motorsor devices of the above character that shall embody means whereby thecircuit relations of the motors may be adjusted automatically inaccordance with the character of energy that may be supplied from thedistributing circuit.

A further object is to provide means whereby the auxiliary circuits andcontrolling devices may be supplied automatically with the samecharacter of energy as is supplied to the motor or main circuits.

Since the development of a commutator type of alternating current motorwhich may also be operated satisfactorily by direct current it has beenfound desirable to equip electrical railway vehicles therewith andparticularly such vehicles as are employed in interurban service inorder that the vehicles may be operated in cities and towns upon theexisting direct current systems and by alternating currents in the ruraldistricts where it is generally desirable to secure greater efficiencyin the longer distances of transmission by the use of high voltages.

lV-hile alternating current may be efficiently transformed from onevoltage to another by means of very simple and comparatively inexpensiveapparatus and may consequently be transmitted to a railway system at ahigh voltage and be utilized by the motors at a low voltage,transformation of direct currents from one voltage to another can beeffected only by means of complicated and expensive apparatus and onlywhen the difference in voltage is small. Such being the case, directcurrents are usually applied to the motors at the transmission voltage.

It has generally been found most expedient to arrange motors indifferent circuit Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 16, 1910.

Serial No. 292,236.

relations when operating by alternating currents than when operating bydirect currents; for instance, when a vehicle is provided with fourmotors they are often connected in series parallel relation foroperation by alternating currents and in series relation for operationby direct currents. It is also desirable in many cases, when operatingby direct current, to provide a ratio of field ampere turns to armatureampere turns for starting that differs from the ratio provided forrunning conditions, or a ratio for operating by direct current thatdiffers from the ratio for operating by alternating current.

It is one of the objects of my invention to provide means whereby thecircuit relations of the motors may be changed automatically inaccordance with the desired conditions, as the character of the energysupplied thereto is changed. My invention also provides means wherebythe control or governing circuits of a system may be suppliedautomatically with the same character of energy as that derived from thedistrib uting circuit. Other features of novelty will be morespecifically pointed out in the followingportions of the specificationand in the claims.

Figure l, of the accompanying drawings, illustrates diagrammatically acomplete system of control embodying my invention. F ig. 2 is anenlarged diagrammatic view of the auxiliary or governing circuits of thesystem shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an enlarged diagrammatic view of themain or motor circuits of the system shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 1 is asimplified diagrammatic view which illustrates clearly the positions inthe circuits and the functions of the cutout switches when operating bydirect current. Fig. 5 illustrates similar conditions when operating byalternating current. Fig. 6 is a simplified, diagrammatic view of themotor circuits when operating by direct current which illustratesclearly the positions of the main switches. Fig. 7 illustrates similarconditions when operating by alternating current. Fig. 8 shows theconnections of the motors under starting and slow speed operatingconditions on direct current. Fig. 9 illustrates the circuit relationsof the motors when operating by direct current under running conditions.Fig. 10 illustrates diagrammatically the circuit relations of the motorswhen operating by alternating current and Figs. 11 and 12 illustratemodificaii ons of the portion of the system shown in The systemcomprises among its elements, motors 1, 2, 3 and 4; a change-over switch5 for arranging the circuit relations of the motors for operation bydirect and alternating current respectively; a reversing switch 6whereby the circuits of the motors are adjustable, respectively, forforward and reverse rotation; a resistance 7 which is included incircuit with the motors when operating by direct current; a transformer8 from which the motors are supplied when operating by alternatingcurrent; cutout switches 9 and 10 whereby either pair of motors may beremoved from the circuits on account of injury thereto or for other reasons; a set of main switches 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 18, 19 and 20whereby the motor circuits are governed and the operations of which arecontrolled by means of magnet windings 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28and 29; an overload relay switch 30 whereby closure of the switches 12to 20 inclusive is prevented when the current supplied to the motorsexceeds a predetermined amount; a master switch 31 for controllingoperation of the reversing switch 6; a master switch 32 for controllingoperation of the switches 12 to 20 inclusive; an auxiliary transformer33, an auxiliary resistance 34 and a choke coil 35 from which theauxiliary and main circuits of the sys tems are supplied; trainconductors 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 and 42 that may be extended from onecar to another in a train whereby the control systems on the severalcars may be governed in parallel from a single master switch at the headof the train or at any other desirable location; a track rail orgrounded conductor 43, trolley conductors 44 and 45 from which thesystem is adapted to be supplied with either alternating or directcurrent by an alternating current generator 46 and a. direct currentgenerator 47 respectively, or from any other suitable sources.

The change-over switch 5 is maintained normally in a central position,or so that the motor circuits are not arranged for either direct oralternating current operation, by means of centralizing springs 48.Operation of the change-over switch to the left, or so as to bring theconducting segments that are on the dot and dash lines DC intoengagement with corresponding contact fingers for the purpose ofarranging the motor circuits for operation by direct current, isgoverned by means of a magnet winding 49, and operation to the right, orso as to bring the conducting segments on the dot and dash lines AC intoengagement with the corresponding contact fingers for the purpose ofarranglng the motor circuits for operation by alternating current, isgoverned by means of a magnet winding 50. The respec tive terminals ofthe magnet winding 49 are connected to suitable points 51 and 52 in theauxiliary resistance 34 whereby it is arranged directly in shunt to theintervening portion of said resistance. The magnet winding is soconstructed that only a small amount .of current, as compared with thattraversing the resistance 34, is required to energize it, andconsequently the voltage applied to the winding 49 will be only slightlyless than that which would exist between the points 51 and 52 if thewinding were not connected thereto. The mode of operation of thisportion of the system will be readily understood by those skilled in theart. The magnet winding 50 is connected in shunt to secondary winding 53of the transformer 33 one terminal of which is connected to the trackrail 43, and the voltage impressed upon it, therefore, when alternatingcurrent is supplied to the system and to primary winding 54 of thetransformer 33, is equal tothat existing between the terminals of thesecondary winding 53. The ohmic resistances of the primary winding 54 ofthe transformer and of the choke coil 35 will, in practice, be low, ascompared with that of the device 34, so that when direct current issupplied to the system, nearly all of the drop of potential in thisportion of the circuit will occur in the resistance 34, and an operatingvoltage will be impressed upon the magnet winding 49. Because of thehigh inductive resistance of the primary winding 54 and of the chokecoil 35, however, when alternating current is supplied to the system,nearly all of the drop of potential will occur therein and butcomparativey little in the resistance 34. An operating voltage will notthen be applied to the winding 49 and the change-over switch cannot bemoved so as to arrange the circuits of the motor for operation by directcurrent when alternating current is supplied to the system. Thesecondary winding 53 of the transformer is energized inductively fromthe primary, winding when alternating current is sup plied to the systemand the voltage of the secondary winding is impressed upon the magnetwinding 50 whereby the change-over switch is moved to the position forarranging the circuits of themotors for alternating current operation.

An interlocking switch 55 that is operated by the changeover switchprevents energizing of the magnet winding 27 of the switch 18 when thechange-over switch occupies a position for arranging the motor circuitsfor alternating current operation thereof, for a purpose which will behereinafter more fully set forth. 7

The reversing switch 6 is maintained in its central or off position bymeans of springs 56 and its operation to the left and right isefi'ected, respectively, by magnet windings 57 and 58, one terminal ofeach of which is adapted to be connected to the grounded conductor as bymeans of an interlocking switch 59 that is perated by the reversingswitch, which so; ves also to prevent simultaneous energizing of both ofthe magnet windings. The remaining terminals of the magnet windings 57and 58 are adapted to be connected, by means of the master switches 31and 32, to contact terminal 60 of an interlocking switch 61 that isoperated by the changeover switch 5. The

interlocking switch 61 serves to connect the terminals of the magnetwindings 57 and 58, either to the point 52 in the auxiliary resistance34 or to terminal 63 of the secondary winding 53 of the transformer 33,according as the change-over switch occupies a. position for connectingthe motors for operation by direct or by alternating current. Thereversing switch is thereby prevented from operation to either itsforward or its reverse position until the change-over switch hasarranged the motor circuits corresponding to the character of energythat may be supplied to the system.

It will be observed that, when the changeover switch occupies a positionfor arranging the motor circuits for direct current operation, themagnet windings 5 7 and 58 are connected. in shunt to a portion of theresistance 3 1 and the choke coil and the voltage that may be impressedupon them is approximately equal to the difference of potential existingbetween the point and the ground at 43. lVhen the change-over switchoccupies a position for arranging the motor circuits for alternatingcurrent operation the magnet windings 57 and 58 are connected in shuntto the secondary winding 53 of the transformer 33, and consequently thevoltage impressed upon them is equal to that of the winding 53.

An interlocking switch 65 that is operated by the reversing switchprevents energizing of the magnet windings 21 to 29 inclusive of theswitches 12 to 20 inclusive until the reversing switch has been moved toeither its forward or its reverse position, all of the magnet windings21 to 29 inclusive being supplied with energy through a conductor 66 thecircuit of which is adapted to be interrupted by the interlocking switch65. Energizing of the magnet winding 27 is further prevented by theinterlocking switch 55 in a manner which has previously been described.

Operation of the overload relay switch 30 is controlled by means of amagnet winding 67 that is arranged in series circuit with the motors andthat is supplied with a sutiicient amount of energy to cause opening ofthe switch only when the current which traverses the motor circuitexceeds a predetermined amount. hen once opened it is maintained in thatposition, until the reversing switch 6 is returned to its otl position,by means of a retaining magnet winding 68 that is connected in shuntcircuit to portions of the resistance 34. and of choke coil 35 whendirect current is supplied to the system and in shunt circuit toportions of the choke coil 35 and the secondary winding 53 of thetransformer 33 when alternating current is supplied to the system. Theoverload relay switch 30 serves to interrupt the circuit throughconductor 69 by means of which the circuits through the switch magnetwindings 21 to 29 inclusive are compleed to the ground at 43, andthereby prevents energizing of the windings when the current traversingthe motor circuits exceeds a jn'cdetermined amount.

It has been noted that the circuits of the magnet windings 21 to 29inclusive are completed by the conductors 66 and 69 that are adapted tobe connected by means of the several switches to the point 52 in theresistance 3 1 and to the ground at a3, respectively, when directcurrent is supplied to the system, and to the terminal 63 of thesecondary winding 53 and the ground at 43, respectively, whenalternating current is supplied to the system. They are thus suppliedwith energy in an exactly similar manner to that in which the reversingswitch magnet windings 57 and 58 are supplied.

The functions and dispositions in the motor circuits of the cutoutswitches 9 and 10 may be best understood from a consideration of thesimplified diagrams of the motor circuits shown in Figs. 4c and 5, theformer of which illustrates the circuits under running conditions whenoperating by direct current and the latter when operating by alternatingcurrent (see Fig. 9). If the switch 10 occupies the position shown inbroken lines in Fig. 4- the motors 3 and at will be excluded from thecircuit that comprises the left hand blade of switch 9, field magnetwindin s 70 and 71 of the motors 1 and 2, the middle blade of switch 9,the righthand blade of switch 10 in its broken line position, right handblade of switch 9 and the armatures ot' the motors 1 and 2. It will beobserved that the circuits of the motors 3 and at are interrupted at oneterminal of the series-connected field magnet. windings 72 and 73 andbet-ween the field magnet windings 7 3 and the armature of the motor 3.The circuits of the motors 1 and 2 will be similarly interrupted andthose of motors 3 and a similarly established if the switch 9 is movedto the position shown in broken lines and the switch 10 occupies itsfull line position.

When operating by alternating current, if the switch 10 is moved to theposition shown by the broken lines, the circuits of the motors 3 and4'will be interrupted as described when direct current is suppliedthereto and a circuit will be established through the left hand blade ofswitch 9, field magnet windings 70 5 and 71 of the motors 1 and 2, themiddle blade of the switch 9, the right hand blade of the switch 9 andthe armatures of the motors l and 2. It will be understood that thecircuits of the motors 1 and 2 will be 10 interrupted and those of themotors 3 and 4 established in an exactly similar manner to what has beendescribed when the blade 10 occupies its full line position and theswitch 9 that shown in broken lines.

The switches 13 to inclusive are provided with interlocking switches 7 6to 83 inclusive for governingthe circuits of the magnet windings 21 to29 inclusive and causing the switches to be operated only in a 20predetermined order. The functions of such switches is well understoodin the art and consequently it is deemed necessary to state only thepredetermined order in which the switches are to operate and to pointout wherein the operation is peculiar. If the change-over switchoccupies a position for arranging the circuits of the motors foroperation by direct current while the reversing switch occupies eitherits forward or reverse 30 position and the master switch 32 occupiesposition a, the switches 12, 14 and 18 will close and a circuit will beestablished thereby from trolley conductor 44 through conducting segment83*, the resistance 7, conducting 35 segment 84, switch 14, resistance85, switch 12, magnet winding 67 of the overload relay switch 30,conducting segment 86 of the reversing switch 6, the left hand blade ofcutout switch 9, field magnet windings 70 and 71 of the motors 1 and 2,the middle blade of the cutout switch 9, conducting segment 87 of thechange-over switch, the right hand blade of switch 10, field magnetwindings 7 2 and 73 of the motors 3 and 4, the middle blade of theswitch 10, conducting segment 88 of the reversing switch, the right handblade of the cutout switch 9, the armatures of the motors 1 and 2,switch 18, the left hand blade of cutout switch 10 and the armatures ofmotors 3 and 4. This circuit, as

well as those which are subsequently established by the operation of themaster switch 32 through its succeeding positions, will be bestunderstood from a consideration of Figs.

6 and 8 from which it is seen that current is supplied to the motorsthrough the resistances 7 and 85, the motors being connected in series.The switch 13 next closes and the switch 12 opens, thereby removing theresist ance 85 from the circuit. When the master switch 32 is moved tothe position Z) switches 13, 15 and 18 are first closed and thenswitches 12, 15 and 18 are closed; when the master switch is moved tothe position 0 switches 12, 16 and 18 are first closed and finallyswitches 13, 16 and 18 are closed;

when the master switch occupies the position (Z the switches 13, 17 and18 are first closed and then switches 12, 17 and 18 are closed. Theresistance 7 is thereby removed from the circuit in steps, the motorsremaining in series.

If the master switch is moved to the position 6 switches 12, 14,19 and20 are closed, it being noted at this point that one terminal of each ofthe magnet windings 28 and 29 of the switches 19 and 20 is connected tocontact terminal 89 of the master switch 32 and consequently the magnetwindings 28 and 29 cannot be energized until the master switch occupiesthe position 0. A circuit is then established from trolley conductor 44through conducting segment 83, resistance 7 conducting segment 84,switch 14, resistance 85, switch 12, magnet winding 67 of 85 theoverload relay switch 30, conducting segment 86 of the reversing switch6, the left hand blade of the cutout switch 9, field magnet windings 70and 71 of the motors 1 and 2, the middle switch blade of the cutoutswitch 9, conducting segment 87 of the change-over switch, the righthand blade of the cutout switch 10, field magnet windings 7 2 and 73 ofthe motors 3 and 4, the middle blade of the cutout switch 10, andconduct- 5 ing segment 88 of the reversing switch 6, where .the circuitdivides, one portion traversing the right hand blade of cutout switch I9, the armatures of motors 1 and 2 and switch 20 to thetrack rail 43,and the other portion traversing the switch 19, the left hand blade ofthe cutout switch 10 and the armatures of motors 3 and 4 to the trackrail 43. The motors then have their field magnet windings connected inseries and their armatures connected in series parallel relation, asillustrated in Fig. 9, with the resistance 7 in circuit. The switch 13next closes and the switch 12 opens, thereby removing the resistance 85from the circuit. During the succeeding operations of the switches,which are caused by the movement of the master switch 32 through itssucceeding positions f, g and it, switches 12 to 17 inclusive are closedin the same sequence as that in which they were closed when the masterswitch was moved through positions I), 0 and cl.

When the change-over switch occupies the position for arranging themotor circuits for operation by alternating current, a cir- 12o cuit isestablished through segments 83 and 90 of the change-over switch andtransformer winding 8 to the track rail 43, and the circuit of themagnet winding 27 of the switch 18 is interrupted by means of theinterlocking switch 55 as before noted, this switch consequentlyremaining open during operation by alternating current. It has beenpointed out that magnet windings 28 and 29 of the switches 19 and 20cannot be energized until the master switch 32 is moved. to the position6 and inasmuch as these switches are utilized in establishing the motorcircuits, when operating by alternating current, the master switch 32may be operated through positions a to (Z inclusive without establishingthe motor circuits. However, when the master switch occupies theposition 6, a circuit is established from a point 91 in the transformerwinding 8 through conducting segments 92 and 84 of the cl'iange-overswitch, switch 14, resistance 85, switch 12, winding 67 of the overloadrelay switch 30 and conducting segment 86 of the reversing switch, wherethe circuit divides; one portion traversing the left hand blade of thecutout switch 9, field magnet windings 70 and 71, the middle blade ofthe cutout switch 9, and conducting segments 87 and 93 of thechange-over switch to conducting segment 88 of the reversing switch,where the circuits again unite. The other portion of the circuittraverses conducting segment 91 of the change-over switch, the righthand blade of the cutout switch 10, field magnet windings 72 and 73, andthe middle blade of the cutout switch 10 to the conducting segment 88 ofthe reversing switch. The circuit again divides, after traversing theconducting segment 88, one portion traversing the right hand blade ofthe cutout switch 9, the armatures of the motors 1 and 2 and switch 20,and the other portion traversing switch 19, the left hand blade of thecutout switch 10, and the armatures of the motors 3 and 1. Theconditions of the circuits thus established may be best understood froma consideration of Figs. 7 and 10, in the former of which the positionsof the switches in the motor circuits are illustrated and in the latterof which the motor circuits, as thus established, are shown. The switch13 next closes and the switch 12 opens, thereby removing the resistance85 from the circuit.

The resistance 85 is provided for the purpose of reducing the amount ofcurrent that may traverse a local short circuit which is formed uponclosure of successive switches of the series marked 14 to 17 inclusive.It also serves the usual function of reducing the amount of currentwhich may be supplied to the motors during the predetermined period thatit is included in circuit.

As the master switch 32 is moved through the successive positions f, gand h, the switches 12 to 17 inclusive will close in the same order aswas described for operation by direct current, the resistance 85 beingincluded first in the local circuit whenever successive switches areclosed simultaneously, then included directly in the motor circuit, andfinally removed.

The diagram of Fig. 11 differs somewhat from that of Fig. 2, thedifference being chiefly that an auxiliary resistance 97 is arranged inseries circuit between inductive windings 98 and 99,the choke coil 35 ofthe diagram of Fig. 2 being omitted. Magnet winding 101, which causesoperation of change-over switch 102 to a position for ar ranging thecircuits of the motors for operation by direct current, is connected inshunt to a portion of the auxiliary resistances 97 between the points103 and 101 and magnet winding 105, which causes operation of thechange-over switch to arrange the circuits of the motors for operationby alternating current, is connected in shunt to the inductive winding99. Because of the low ohmic resistance of the inductive windings 98 and99, comparatively little drop in potential oc curs therein when directcurrent is supplied to the system, by far the greater portion of thedrop of potential between the supply conductors occurring in theresistance 97. If the current supplied to the magnet winding 101 issmall as compared with that traversing the resistance 97, the voltageapplied thereto will then be approximately that existing between thepoint 103 and 10st in the auxiliary resistance 97. However, whenalternating current is supplied to the system, substantially all of thedrop of poten tial between the supply conductors will occur in thewindings 98 and 99 and insulticient difierence of potential will existbe tween the points 103 and 104: of the resistance 97 to cause anoperating voltage to be impressed upon the magnet winding 101. Themagnet winding 105 being connected in shunt to the inductive winding 99,has impressed upon it a voltage equal to the drop in potential over thatwinding.

The change-over switch 102 is provided with an interlocking switch 106which corresponds in all respects to the interlocking switch 61 of Fig.2 and prevents energizing of magnet windings 107 and 108 of reversingswitch 109 until the change-over switch has been operated to arrange themotor circuits for operation either by alternating or by direct current.An interlocking switch 110, corresponding to interlocking switch of Fig,2, is operated by the reversing switch 109 and prevents energizing ofmagnet windings 111, 112, 113, 114, 115 and 116 of switches 117, 118,119, 120, 121 and 122, respectively, which govern the amount ofresistance, or the active length of the main transformer winding that isincluded in the motor circuits, until after the reversing switch hasbeen moved to either its forward or its reverse position. It will beobserved that the number of switches for controlling the motor circuitsis smaller than in Fig. 2 but I deem it unnecessary to describe theiroperation in detail since the switches 117 to 122 correspond,respectively, to switches 12 to 17, inclusive, of Fig. 2 and operate inthe same manner and sequence.

One terminal of retaining magnet winding 123 of overload relay switch124 is connected to a suitable point 125 in the transformer winding 99and the other terminal is adapted to be connected, by means ofinterlocking switches 110 and 106, to a point 104 in the auxiliaryresistance 97 when direct current is supplied to the system and tojunction 126 of the auxiliary resistance 97 with the inductive winding99. It is evident, then, that, when direct current is supplied to thesystem, the magnet winding 123 is connected in shunt circuit between thepoint 104 in the resistance 97 and the point 125 in the inductivewinding 99, and that when alternating current is supplied to the systema voltage is impressed upon the winding equal to that existin betweenthe points 125 and 126 in the inductive winding 99. It will beunderstood that, as in Fig. 2, the magnet winding 123 serves to retainthe overload relay switch in an open position and to thereby interruptthe circuits of the magnet windings 111 to 116 inclusive until thereversing switch has been returned to its ofi position.

As has been observed in connection with Figs. 2 and 11, the retainingmagnet windrings for the overload relay switch are supplied continuouslywith energy so long as the system is in operation but substantially noeffect is produced upon the switch until it has been opened, when thewinding retains the switch in its open position. Because of thedifficulty of providing a magnet winding that is adapted to be suppliedwith alternating current and that does not become excessively heatedwhen supplied with direct current, and also to prevent a continual lossof energy in the retaining magnet winding, it may be deemed advisable inmany cases to close the circuit of the retaining magnet winding onlyafter the relay switch has been opened. In Fig. 12 I have shown aninterlocking switch 129 that is operated by an overload relay switch 130and that serves to close the circuit of retaining magnet winding 131only after the relay switch has been opened.

The system of Fig. 12 difiers further from that of Fig. 2 in that itcomprises a smaller number of switches 133, 134, 135, 136, 137 and 138for governing the motor circuits after change-over and reversingswitches 139 and 140, respectively, have been operated, and also in thearrangement of the circuits of magnet windings 141, 142, 143, 144, 145and 146, respectively, of the switches 133 to 138 inclusive and in themeans for governing these circuits. This, however, constitutes no partof my present invention, and since the switches 133 to 138 inclusiveoperate in a manner and sequence similar, except in position a whereswitches 134 and 135 are closed directly, to that which has been setforth for switches 12 to 17 inclusive of Fig. 2 and of switches 117 to122 inclusive of Fig. 11, I deem it unnecessary to describe theiroperation in detail.

The structures and arrangements of interlocking switches 147 and 148that are operated, respectively, by the change-over and reversingswitches are also somewhat modified from those shown in Figs. 2 and 11,though their functions remain the same and their mode of operation issubstantially the same. Magnet winding 149 of the change-over switch isadapted to be supplied from a circuit in shunt to a portion of auxiliaryresistance 150 when direct current is supplied to the system, and magnetwinding 151 of the change-over switch is adapted to be supplied fromsecondary winding 152 of an auxiliary transformer 153 when alternatingcurrent is supplied to the system. Magnet windings 154 and 155 of thereversing switch and magnet windings 141 to 146 inclusive, respectively,of the switches 133 to 138 inclusive and the retaining magnet winding131 of the overload relay switch 130 are adapted to be connected betweenpoints 156 and 157 in the auxiliary resistance 150 when direct currentis supplied to the system and in shunt to the secondary winding 152 ofthe auxiliary transformer 153 when alternating current is supplied tothe system.

It should be pointed out that when the systems herein shown anddescribed are applied to supply cars in a train that are adapted to beconnected by train conductors whereby the several systems may begoverned in multiple from the head of a train or any other suitablelocation therein, that the positions of the change-over switches willcorrespond to the character of energy that is supplied to thatparticular car since the magnet windings for causing operation of theswitches are not interconnected by means of the train conductors. It is,therefore, impossible for direct current to be supplied to the motorswhen their circuits are arranged for operation by alternating currentand vice versa. I

It will, of course, be understood that the devices herein shown anddescribed are only illustrative of suitable means that may be employedfor the specific purposes. For instance, the magnet windings that causeoperation of the various switches may serve only to control other meansthat are supplied with fiuid pressure for operating the switches, sothat only very small amounts of current need be supplied thereto toefiect energization. The various circuits of the systems and thestructural details of the devices for arranging the circuits may, ob-

viously, be modified considerably within limits without departing fromthe spirit of the invention.

In two other applications, Serial Numbers 292,23e and 292,235,respectively, filed by me of even date herewith I have shown anddescribed systems of control which dif fer from that herein disclosed incertain particulars that will be evident from a consideration thereof.

I claim as my invention:

1. The combination with a source of alternating current, a source ofdirect current, translating devices, a switch for arranging the circuitsof the translating devices, and controlling magnet windings therefor, ofa non-inductive resistance between points in which a controlling magnetwinding for the circuit-arranging switch is connected, and atransformer, the primary winding of which is connected in series withthe noninductive resistance and the secondary winding of which maysupply energy to the other controlling magnet winding of thecircuit-arranging switch.

2. The combination with a source of alternating current, a source ofdirect current, translating devices, a change-over switch for arrangingthe circuits of the translating devices and controlling magnet windingstherefor, of a non-inductive resistance be tween points in which acontrolling magnet winding for the change-over switch is con nected, aninductive winding, and a transformer, the primary winding of which isconnected in series with the non-inductive resistance and the inductivewinding, and the secondary winding of which may supply energy to theother controlling magnet winding of the change-over switch.

3. The combination with a source of alternating current, a source ofdirect current, translating devices, a reversing switch, a change-overswitch for arranging the cir cuits of the translating devices andcontrolling magnet windings for said switches, of a noninductiveresistance, and a transformer, the primary winding of which is connectedin series with the non-inductive resistance, one of the change-overswitch controlling magnet windings and the controlling magnet windingsof the reversing switch being supplied with energy from the secondarywinding of the transformer when alternating current is supplied to thetranslating devices, and the other change-over switch controlling magnetwinding and the reversing switch controlling magnet windings beingsupplied with energy from circuits in shunt to portions of the non-inducting resistance when direct current is supplied to the translatingdevices.

it. The combination with a source of direct current, a source ofalternating current, translating devices, and means for arranging thecircuits thereof, of a resistance, an inductive winding, a transformerthe pri mary winding of which is connected in series with the resistanceand the inductive winding, and means for controlling thecircuit-arranging means which are supplied with energy from circuits inshunt to por tions of the resistance when direct current is supplied tothe translating devices and from the secondary circuit of thetransformer when alternating current is supplied thereto.

5. The combination with a source of direct current, a source ofalternating current, translating devices, and means for arranging thecircuits thereof, of a resistance, an inductive winding, a transformerthe primary winding of which is connected in series with the resistanceand the inductive winding, means for arranging the circuits of thedevices in accordance with the character of the energy that may besupplied thereto, switches for further adjusting the circuits of thedevices, controlling magnet windings therefor, a switch located incircuit therewith that is opened when the current supplied to thedevices exceeds a predetermined amount, and a magnet winding thatretains the switch in open position and that may be supplied with energyfrom the inductive winding or the non-inductive resistance.

6. The combination with a source of direct current, a source ofalternating current, translating devices, and means for arranging thecircuits thereof, of a resistance, a transformer the primary winding ofwhich is connected in series with the resistance, means for arrangingthe circuits of the devices in accordance with the character of theenergy that may be supplied thereto, switches for further adjusting thecircuits of the devices, controlling magnet windings therefor, a switchlocated in circuit therewith that is opened when the current supplied tothe devices exceeds a predetermined amount and a magnet winding thatretains the switch in open position and that may be supplied with energyfrom the secondary winding of the transformer or the non-inductiveresistance.

7. The combination with a source of direct current, a source ofalternating current, translating devices, and means for arranging thecircuits thereof, of a resistance, an inductive winding, a transformerthe primary winding of which is connected in series with the resistanceand the inductive winding, the resistance being located between theinductive and the transformer windings, and means for controlling thecircuit-arranging means which is supplied with energv from circuits inshunt to portions of the resistance when direct current is supplied tothe translating devices and from the secondary circuit of thetransformer when alternating current is supplied thereto.

8. The combination with a source of direct current, a source ofalternating current, translating devices, a reversing switch and aswitch for arranging the circuits of the translating devices, ofcontrolling magnet windings for the switches, a resistance and atransformer the primary winding of which is connected in series with theresistance, the switch-controlling magnet windings being supplied withoperative amounts of current from circuits in shunt to the resistancewhen direct current is available, and with operative amounts ofalternating current from the transformer when alternating current isavailable.

9. The combination with a source of alternating current, a source ofdirect current and devices that may be operated from either source, of areversing switch, a change-over switch for adjusting the circuits of thedevices respectively for operation by alternating current and by directcurrent and means for preventing operation of the reversing switch untilafter operation of the changeover switch.

10. The combination with a source of alternating current, a source ofdirect current and devices that may be operated from either source, of areversing switch, a change-over switch for adjusting circuits of thedevices respectively for operation by alternating current and by directcurrent, means for causing automatic operation of the changeover switchin accordance with the character of energy that may be supplied to thedevices and means for preventing operation of the reversing switch untilafter operation of the change-over switch.

11. The combination with a source of alternating current, a source ofdirect current and devices that may be operated from either source, of areversing switch, a change-over switch for adjusting circuits of thedevices respectively for operation by alternating current and by directcurrent, means for causing automatic operation of the change-over switchin accordance with the character of energy that may be supplied to thedevices, means for further adjusting the circuits of the devices andmeans for preventing the operation thereof and of the reversing switchuntil after operation of the change-over switch.

12. The combination with a source of al ternating current, a source ofdirect current and devices that may be operated from either source, of areversing switch, a change-over switch for adjusting circuits of thedevice respectively for operation by alternating current and by directcurrent, switches for further controlling the circuits of the devicesand magnet windings for all of said switches, and means for preventingenergizing of the magnet windings of the reversing switch and of thecircuit controlling switches until the change-over switch has beenoperated.

13. The combination with a source of alternating current, a source ofdirect current and devices that may be operated from either source, of areversing switch, a change-over switch for adjusting the circuits of thedevices for operation by alternating current and by direct currentrespectively, switches for further controlling the circuits of thedevices and magnet windings for all of said switches, means whereby thechangeover switch magnet windings may be energized to cause operationthereof in accordance with the character of energy that may be suppliedto the devices, and means for preventing energizing of the magnetwindings of the reversing switch and of the circuit controlling switchesuntil the changeover switch has been operated.

14:. The combination with a source of alternating current, a source ofdirect current, devices that may be supplied from either of the sources,a reversing switch, a changeover switch for adjusting the circuits ofthe devices for operation respectively by alternating current and bydirect current and means for further adjusting the circuits of thedevices, of means for preventing the further adjustment of the circuitswhen the current supplied to the devices exceeds a pre determinedamount.

15. The combination with a source of alternating current, a source ofdirect current, devices that may be supplied from either of the sources,a reversing switch, a changeover switch for adjusting the circuits ofthe devices for operation respectively by alternating current and bydirect current and means for further adjusting the circuits of thedevices, of means for preventing the further adjustment of the circuitswhen the cur-' rent supplied to the devices exceeds a predeterminedamount and until after the reversing switch has been returned to its 01?position.

16. The combination with a source of alternating current, a source ofdirect current, devices that may be supplied from either of the sources,a reversing switch, a changeover switch for adjusting the circuits ofthe devices for operation respectively by alternating current and bydirect current, means for further adjusting the circuits of the devices,and a master switch, of means for preventing a further adjustment of thecircuits when the current supplied to the devices exceeds apredetermined amount and until after the master switch has been returnedto its 01f position.

17. The combination with a source of alternating current, a source ofdirect current, devices that may be operated from either source, areversing switch, a change-over switch for adjusting the circuits of thedevices for operation respectively by alternating current and by directcurrent, a set of switches for further adjusting the circuits of thedevices, and controlling magnet windings for all of said switches, of aswitch that is located in the circuit of the controlling magnet windingsfor the switches of the set and that prevents energizing thereof whenthe current supplied to the devices exceeds a predetermined amount.

18. The combination with a source of alternating current, a source ofdirect current, devices that may be operated from either source, areversing switch, a change-over switch for adjusting the circuits of thedevices for operation respectively by alternating current and by directcurrent, a set of switches for further adjusting the circuits of thedevices and controlling magnet windings for all of said switches, of aswitch that interrupts the circuit of the magnet windings of theswitches of said set when the current supplied to the devices exceeds apre determined amount and that maintains such a condition until thereversing switch has been returned to its off position.

19. The combination with a source of alternating current, a source ofdirect current, devices that may be operated from either source, areversing switch, a change-over switch for adjusting the circuits of thedevices for operation respectively by alternating current and by directcurrent, a set of switches for further adjusting the circuits of thedevices and controlling magnet windings for all of said switches, of aswitclrthat opens and thereby interrupts the c1rcu1t of the magnetwindings of the switches of said set when the current supplied to thedevices exceeds a predetermined amount and a magnet winding for theswitch that becomes energized only after opening of the switch.

20. The combination with a source of alternating current, a source ofdirect current and devices that may be operated from either source, of areversing switch, a change-over switch for adjusting circuits of thedevices respectively for operation by alternating current and by directcurrent, switches for further controlling the circuits of the devicesand magnet windings for all of said switches, means whereby thechangeover switch magnet windings may be energized respectively to causeoperation thereof in accordance with the character of energy that may besupplied to the devices, means for preventing energizing of thereversing switch magnet windings until the change-over switch has beenoperated, and means for preventing operation of the circuitcontrollingswitches until the reversing switch has been operated.

211 The combination with a source of alternating current, a source ofdirect current and devices that may be operated from either source, of areversing switch, a,

change-over switch for adjusting the circuit-s of the devices foroperation by alternating current and by direct current, respectively,means for causing automatic operation of the change-over switch inaccordance with the character of energy that may be supplied to thedevices, a set of switches for further adjusting the circuits of thedevices, means for preventing operation of the reversing switch untilafter operation of the change-over switch, and means for preventingoperation of the switches of the set until after operation of thereversing switch.

22. The combination with a source of alternating current, a source ofdirect current and translating devices, of a switch for adjusting thecircuit relations of the devices with respect to each other to adaptthem for operation by either alternating current or by direct currentand means for automatically moving the switch in accordance with thecharacter of energy that may be supplied to the devices.

H3. The combination with a source of alternating current, a source ofdirect current, translating devices and a switch for arranging thecircuits of the devices for operation thereof by either character ofenergy. of means for automatically moving the switch in accordance withthe character of energy that may be utilized and means for preventing asupply of energy to the translating devices until the circuit-arrangingswitch has been moved to a position corresponding to the character ofenergy supplied.

24. The combination with a source of alternating current, a source ofdirect current, translating devices, a reversing switch and a switch forarranging the circuits of the translating devices in accordance with thecharacter of energy that may be utilized, of means for preventingoperation of the reversing switch unless the circuit-arranging switchhas been moved to a position corresponding to the character of energysup plied.

25. The combination with a source of alternating current, a source ofdirect current and translating devices, of a switch for adjusting thecircuit relations of the devices for operation thereof by eitheralternating current or direct current, a transformer, a resistance andmeans supplied from the resistance or from the transformer for effectingautomatic operation thereof according to the character of the energythat may be supplied to the devices.

26. The combination with a source of alternating current, a source ofdirect currentand translating devices that may be operated by eithercharacter of energy, of a transformer, a resistance, means for adjustingthe circuits of the devices that are supplied either from thetransformer or from the resistance according to the character of theenergy that is supplied to the devices.

27. In combination, a motor adapted for operation on either alternatingcurrent or on direct current, a variable resistance, a variabletransformer element, a controller, and a switch device arranged toalternately connect said resistance and said transformer element inoperative relation to said controller and said motor, whereby saidcontroller operates to vary the amount of resistance in themotor-circuit when operating on direct current and to vary the terminalvoltage of the motor when operating on alternating current.

28. In combination, a motor adapted for operation on either alternatingcurrent or on direct current, a resistance, a transformer element, acontroller having a plurality of sets of contacts, and a switch devicearranged to connect the motor to one terminal of the resistance and thecontrollercontacts to a plurality of points on said resistance and todisconnect the resistance and connect the controller, transformerelement and motor in operative relation with the controller-contactsconnected to said transformer element at a plurality of points, wherebythe controller serves to regulate the amount of resistance in themotor-circuit on direct current and the terminal voltage of the motor onalternating current.

29. In combination, a motor adapted to operate 011 either alternating ordirect current, a device for governing the speed of the motor whenoperating on direct current, a device for governing the speed of themotor when operating on alternating current, a controller constructedand arranged to control each of said devices, and a switch arranged toconnect the controller and motor in operative relation with eitherspeed-governing device, whereby the same controller regulates the speedof the motor when opspeed of the motor when operating on direct current,a variable potential device for governing the speed of the motor whenoperating on alternating current, a controller constructed and arrangedto control each of said devices, and a switch arranged to connect thecontroller and motor in operative relation with either speed-governingdevice, whereby the same controller regulates the speed of the motorwhen operating on either alternating or direct current through theintervention of a governing device adapted to the particular current inuse.

31. In combination, a motor adapted for operation on either alternatingor direct current, a resistance, a transformer element, a controllerhaving a plurality of sets of contacts arranged to engage in successiverunning positions of the controller, a switch de vice arranged toconnect the controller in operative relation with the motor andresistance and to disconnect the resistance and connect the controller,transformer element and motor in operative relation to each other withone contact of each of said sets connected to a point on saidtransformer, an auxiliary resistance, and means for connecting saidauxiliary resistance across succes sively active sets of contacts inposition of the controller intermediate the running position.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 15th dayof December, 1905.

RAY P. JACKSON.

Witnesses:

O'r'ro S. SCHAIRER, BIRNEY HINES.

